Indicator 3(B): Do people with mental disabilities get access to mainstream employment? Is the employment system sufficiently inclusive?
Conclusion:
No.
Explanation:
The law creates barriers to the employment of people with disabilities and particularly those under plenary guardianship, as they are not able to sign and enter contracts of employment.[81] In practice, many employers avoid offering employment to persons under plenary guardianship.[82] The employment rate among people with intellectual disabilities is very low and has not increased since Hungary ratified the CRPD.[83]
Only one in eleven people with intellectual disabilities has a job, and this falls to just one in every seventeen people with autism.[84] The situation is slightly better for adults with autism over the age of 28 where the rate of employment rises to one in seven.[85] Most people with mental disabilities who are employed work in social care institutions.[86] Government financing of this social employment is used by institutions. No incentives are provided to staff in institutions to facilitate access to employment for people with disabilities residing in them.[87] Rehabilitation services provided by non-profit organisations are more effective,[88] however, their capacity is low and financing is insecure.[89] In sum, people with disabilities do not have the opportunity to earn a living by work freely chosen in the labour market.[90]
[81] Section 21(5) of the Act I of 2012 on the Labour Code
[82] Hungarian Disability Caucus, Disability Rights or Disabling Rights?, CRPD Alternative Report, August 2010, 179.
[83] Ibid.
[84] Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Evaluation of the 2011 Census – People with disabilities, table 1.7, 18.
[85] Hungarian Disability Caucus, Disability Rights or Disabling Rights?, CRPD Alternative Report, August 2010, 180.
[86] Tamás Verdes, Ágota Scharle and Balázs Váradi, Intézet helyett ("Instead of Institution"), 10-11.
[87] Ibid, 11.
[88] Ibid.
[89] Ibid.
[90] Tamás Gyulavári, Zsolt Bugarszki, Nóra Jakab, Vanda Katona, Fundamental Rights situation of persons with mental health problems and persons with intellectual disabilities: desk report Hungary, 15, available at http://www.humanconsultancy.com/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc={FCFE4AAF-1B5E-4E29-AC8E-9D2EB763E45A}&file=HU-FRA%20MH%20-%20final.doc&action=default (last accessed: 23 September 2014).